Vapor: 4.0.0-beta.2 Release

• Services has been refactored to be more type-safe. (#2098)

Services, Container, and Provider have been replaced by a pattern built on Swift extensions. This is best explained with examples.

Telling Vapor to use Leaf:

import Leaf
import Vapor

// beta.1
s.register(ViewRenderer.self) { c in
    return c.make(LeafRenderer.self)
}

// beta.2
app.views.use(.leaf)

Registering a factory service:

// beta.1
s.register(Foo.self) { c in
    return Foo(...)
}
app.make(Foo.self).bar()

// beta.2
extension Application {
    var foo: Foo { 
        return Foo(...)
    }
}
app.foo.bar()

Registering a singleton service:

// beta.1
s.register(Foo.self) { c in
    return Foo(...)
}
app.make(Foo.self).bar = 0
app.make(Foo.self).bar += 1
print(app.make(Foo.self).bar) // 1

// beta.2
extension Application {
    var foo: Foo { 
        if let existing = self.storage[FooKey.self] as? Foo {
            return existing
        } else {
            let new = Foo()
            self.storage[FooKey.self] = new
            return new
        }
    }

    private struct FooKey: StorageKey { 
        typealias Value = Foo
    }
}

app.foo.bar = 0
app.foo.bar += 1
print(app.foo.bar) // 1

This new pattern of extending Application also works with Request:

extension Application {
    var foo: Foo { ... }
}

extension Request {
    var bar: Bar { 
        return self.application.foo.bar(for: self)
    }
}

• Validations has been refactored to yield better and more type-safe errors (#2071)

• Authentication methods are now grouped under a new req.auth helper (#2111)

• All authenticators now accept Request in their authenticate methods (#2111)

• Added new ErrorSource struct to the AbortError protocol (#2093)

This new struct makes it easier to pass around information about where an error came from. It also makes it easier to indicate that a given error has no source information. This helps the logger avoid muddying logs with useless error source information.

• RouteBuilder HTTP method helpers now support an array of [PathComponent] (#2097)

• User-provided HTTP headers are no longer ignored when using XCTVapor test methods (#2108)

• Enabled test discovery on Linux (#2118)